GIS栅格数据的邻域粒化和粗糙逼近     

廖伟华 《地理空间信息》2011,(4):31-33

GIS栅格数据能表述连续变化的空间现象,它每个像元的属性值有连续数据和离散数据2种。针对栅格连续数值空间进行分析,突破传统的基于栅格本身邻域位置的研究方法,从属性值本身来定义邻域,基于属性距离度量公式来定义数据的领域。不同的邻域大小,一个栅格像元可以得到不同的邻域;并且从粗糙逼近的角度来探讨邻域信息粒子样本的上、下近似...  相似文献   

格网邻域滤波在车载激光点云道路边线提取中的方法研究     

田茂义  李鹏飞  俞家勇  马腾 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(5)

结合城市车载激光扫描点云道路数据与地物点各自的特点和空间分布,用路面点云控制道路两侧地物点云进行滤波,从而实现道路路面点和地物点的分离,并根据城市道路中含有高出路面边缘的路缘石的结构特性设置阈值来提取路缘石,通过设置合适的格网及其邻域格网中点的密度特性进一步滤波路缘石,生成道路边线。  相似文献   

Multiethnic Economic Activity Along Three Immigrant Corridors in Paris     

David H. Kaplan  Charlotte Recoquillon 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(1):82-91

Ethnic neighborhoods and ethnic economies do not always involve a single nationality or ethnic group. Quite often several groups operate side by side in the neighborhood and within the establishments themselves. This can give rise to a modification of the ethnic economy concept. We discuss an example of such a multiethnic residential and business district in Paris, the Goutte d’Or, with particular attention to three shopping streets. Although somewhat distinct from one another, each of these streets is multiethnic in regard to the proprietors, employees, and customers, and this multiethnicity extends within the establishments themselves. The primary questions we ask in this article are, first, what the nature of this ethnic economy is and how it fits within the different types of ethnic economy. Beyond this, we demonstrate how the activities taking place here reflect separate circuits of activity at separate spatial scales and what this ethnic business activity suggests for immigrant incorporation in Paris and the nature of cross-ethnic relations. To answer these questions, we rely on observation, interviews with several merchants in defined commercial corridors, and some official statistical and political information gleaned from various government sources. This Parisian neighborhood exemplifies strategies of immigrant incorporation into French society. As such, it provides a possible new model of a multiethnic economy, one that might become a common fixture in increasingly diverse cities in the world.  相似文献   

The broken promises of social mix: the case of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago     

Javier Ruiz-Tagle 《Urban geography》2016,37(3):352-372

Public policies of social mixing have been enacted as the reversal of what segregation and concentrated poverty are presumed to have produced: intensified social problems (i.e., “neighborhood effects”). In addition, the pervasive discourses of diversity have provided more support for the idea of social mixing. Studies on planned and unplanned diverse neighborhoods have shown how certain diverse patterns can emerge and endure over time. Yet these studies have failed to explain how such demographic diversity becomes integration. In this article, I draw on a multidimensional perspective of socio-spatial integration to present a qualitative case study of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago—a neighborhood with a long history of segregation and recent socially engineered diversity. The case shows how contentious this new coexistence has been, and how segregation has been shifting its mechanisms of enforcement from housing to other spheres of life. I conclude with reflections on four dimensions of socio-spatial integration, and on the troubling policy and theoretical implications of the “social mix” paradigm.  相似文献   

The kriging update equations and their application to the selection of neighboring data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xavier Emery 《Computational Geosciences》2009,13(3):269-280

A key problem in the application of kriging is the definition of a local neighborhood in which to search for the most relevant data. A usual practice consists in selecting data close to the location targeted for prediction and, at the same time, distributed as uniformly as possible around this location, in order to discard data conveying redundant information. This approach may however not be optimal, insofar as it does not account for the data spatial correlation. To improve the kriging neighborhood definition, we first examine the effect of including one or more data and present equations in order to quickly update the kriging weights and kriging variances. These equations are then applied to design a stepwise selection algorithm that progressively incorporates the most relevant data, i.e., the data that make the kriging variance decrease more. The proposed algorithm is illustrated on a soil contamination dataset.  相似文献   

一种新的散乱点云数据多级空间索引     

赵江洪  王继伟  王晏民  郭明 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(12):1450-1455

散乱点云数据具有数据量大（海量性）、数据表达精细（高空间分辨率）、空间三维点之间无拓扑关系（散乱性）等特征,在对其进行应用前必须进行数据预处理（如去噪、配准、分割等）。而在这些数据处理过程中需频繁的进行邻域查找,如果没有高效的查询索引机制,很难实现数据自动处理。因此,如何进行数据的组织和索引,以提高后续邻域检索和查询等操作的速度,是目前点云数据处理中的一个研究热点。针对现有点云数据采用的空间索引方式的优缺点,本文提出了一种多级格网和KD树混合的空间索引,该索引提出变分辨率格网索引与KD树的混合索引模式,简称MultiGrid-KD树索引。该方法在保持网格索引算法实现简单查询效率高等优点的同时,解决了单一分辨率数据冗余的问题。以故宫太和殿的点云数据为例,对本文提出的MultiGrid-KD树索引算法和KD树、八叉树等经典算法做对比。结果表明,本文索引方法在最邻近点查询以及四邻域查询的效率上均优于KD树,以及八叉树索引。  相似文献   

基于邻域扩展量化法的城市边界识别   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

谭兴业  陈彦光 《地理科学进展》2015,34(10):1259-1265

城市空间分析的基本条件是可靠的测度,而城市的基本测度是规模。客观定义城市边界是有效确定城市规模的技术前提。近年来国内外学者提出几种城市边界识别的方法,其中能够定量反映城市内部实体空间组织关系的多采用矢量图像。但这些矢量数据的获取十分困难,且实时性差。因此,本文借鉴前人的研究成果,基于邻域扩展量化和标度思想,提出一种应用于遥感栅格图像上的城市边界识别方法。该方法的本质是一种空间邻域融合法,通过改变像元邻域的作用范围,可以得到不同的空间集群数目;借助搜索范围与集群数目的标度关系确定一个客观的半径,据此可以利用GIS技术确定城市边界。将该方法应用于北京地区多个年份的遥感图像,发现了像元的有效邻域作用范围。此方法以栅格图像为基础,数据实时性好并且获取容易,计算过程简便,在未来的城市边界研究过程中,可望与现有的方法相互补充。  相似文献   

大城市低收入邻里社会贫困的测度差异与成因   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

袁媛  李珊 《地理学报》2012,67(10):1353-1361

社会贫困是对居民的社会保障和福利的享有情况、社会参与和融合等生活状况的测度。利用中国3 大典型地域、6 个代表城市、3 类邻里的1809 份个体问卷调查数据, 本文选取13 个相关指标, 判定个体是否处于社会贫困状态, 利用回归模型探究其影响因素, 并分析社会贫困现象在不同邻里、不同城市集聚的分异特征。研究发现, 6 个城市间的社会贫困集聚程度顺序为东部、中部和西部;3 大类邻里中, 社会贫困在城中村表现最为明显, 内城居住区次之, 企业配套居住区最低。中国城市居民是否处于社会贫困状态是体制(户口类型) 和家庭(教育程度、年龄等) 因素共同作用的结果。代表体制因素的户口类型对3 类城市的社会贫困均起到影响, 东中部城市中家庭因素也有一定作用。体制因素对城中村的社会贫困起显著影响, 而家庭因素在内城居住区和企业配套居住区中作用更大。  相似文献   

New‐Build Development and the Gentrification of Oklahoma City's Deep Deuce Neighborhood     

Adam A. Payne  Alyson L. Greiner 《Geographical review》2019,109(1):108-130

New‐build development has become associated with the phase of gentrification that has taken shape since the mid‐1990s. This article examines the gentrification of Deep Deuce, a historically black neighborhood in Oklahoma City. An analysis of property sales identifies the major external agents involved and leads to a discussion of the area's racial turnover. Considering the relational aspects of place, specifically how the identity of Deep Deuce has been constructed in relation to the nearby area of Bricktown, provides new insights on the nature of changes affecting this neighborhood. Supplementing this with an examination of resistance to the gentrification of Deep Deuce shows how city neighborhoods can come to be defined by limited understandings of place, and how historic preservation efforts can generate symbolic capital and facilitate cultural appropriation. This article also contributes to the study of gentrification in smaller metropolitan areas.  相似文献   

高光谱图像分类方法综述     

张建伟  陈允杰 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(1):89-100

在过去数十年中,高光谱图像的研究与应用已经完成了从无到有、从差到优的跨越式发展.在对其研究的众多方面中,高光谱图像分类已经成为了一个最热的研究主题.研究表明空间光谱联合的分类方法可以取得比仅依赖光谱信息的逐像素分类方法更好的分类效果.本文将对众多的空间光谱联合分类方法进行归类和分析.首先介绍高光谱图像中相邻像素间的两类空间依赖性关系,因而可将现有的空谱联合分类方法分为依赖固定邻域和自适应邻域两类;此外,还可以依据是否同时利用两类依赖关系将现有方法进一步分为单依赖和双依赖两类.另外,还可以依据空谱信息融合的不同阶段将现有的分类方法划分为预处理方法、一体化方法及后处理方法三类.最后展示几种具有代表性的空间光谱联合分类方法在真实高光谱数据集上的分类结果.  相似文献